About the "Categories" in the field of Landscape Architecture

Many student ask me questions about the field of Landscape Architecture. Expecially when they are planning to go abroad to pursue their degree in another country. I always has a lot to say but always feel the difficulty of how to express this complexity issue into a more clear framework. Maybe there is no clear framework in my mind yet.
In order to uncover this problem. I try to depict the field of Landscape Architecture from floowing approaches:

Q1. Who can join this field?
Q2. Types of research Insitute of Landscape Architecture
Q3. Future practices with a background from Landscape Architecture

Ans1: Of course, everyone can join this field once you are interesting in the field's work. However, how do I know am I interesting in the field of Landscape Architecture or not. Unfortunately, in order to get the answer of this question you have to know the answers of all the above 3 questions.

However, following are a long list with my knowledge of the "cases" of people from different field (after their Bachelor degree) continuing their degree in the research institute of Landscape Architecture and/or finally work in this field:
Architecture, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Water and Soil Conservation, Tourism, Leisure, Park and Recreation, Geology, Agriculture Extension, Horticulture, Agronomy, Forestry, Botany, Animal Science, Biology, Entomology, Mass Communication, Rural Planning, Applied Arts, Land Economics, Psychology, English and American Landguage and Literature, Ecology, Natural Resources Management, Public Health...

All the above cases cound be a reference for the ones that are interesting to the field of Landscape Architecture but not sure whether his background is ok or not.

Ans2: Basically, before I answer this question, I have to define my answer is appraoch from the aspect of Taiwan with my own experience. On the basis of helping bachelor and /or master students to develop their next step in the field of Landscape Architecture. Different people will have different extent in regard to the definition of field of Landscape Architecture.
The most common research institute is:

Professional Degree:

Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA)
Master of Design
Master of Environmental Design
Doctor of Design
Doctor of environmental Design

Scholarly Degree:

Master of Science
Doctor of Philosophy

Ans3: Planning and design projects can come from different instututes. Private or public owned agencies. Landscape researches, planning, design, management programs are all possible projects.

Landscape architecture associations (private) - planning and design projects
Academic associations - planning, research, and program projects
Academic institutes - planning, research, and program projects
SOHO - design
Government agencies - management, research, program, planning, and design

Construction and Planning Agency
- National Parks
- Urban and Rural Parks and Greenery
Tourism Bureau
- National Scenic Areas
- Festival
Council of Agriculture
- Leisure Farm
- Bureau of Forestry
- National Forest Recreational Areas
- National Forest Trails
- Narional Conservation Areas
Bureau of Water and Soil Conservation
- Rural Planning


I think this paragraph will need more fix and comments. Please give me you ideas.

瑋佳-他山之石(荷蘭學術人才轉介網)

http://www.academictransfer.nl/org/
從網址就可以顧名思義, 這個網站5年來唯一的變化就是多了youtube的連結.

網站功能相當簡單, 使用對象為學術研究者(人), 可以設定各種條件搜尋理想中的學術研究工作, 因此, 與其介紹網站功能, 不如說明一下透過這個網站所瞭解到的歐陸(事實上是以德, 荷為中心的日耳曼系統)學術研究人力結構, 但不包含近年興起的各式各樣所謂國際學程.

歐陸和台灣(美式)高等教育最大的差別之一就是博士生的身份, 在大學和部分研究機構裡, 博士生是正式人力員額的一分子, 簡單地說, "博士生"是一分工作(通常稱PhD reseacher), 其職責在於操作某一特定題目的研究, 並從中完成獲得博士學位所必需的訓練和要求, 這個制度可以分為下列3方面來說明.

1.身為博士生, 學術養成是其主要義務(相對於可以領到全時工作薪水的"權利"而言)之一, 不僅是做完該研究計畫而已
2.國家(當然也可能是任何機構, 但因為荷蘭大學幾乎全是國立的, 姑稱之)付出成本是為了培育國家所需要的人才, 而不只是為了完成一個以政府立場有興趣補助的研究計畫
3.教授上承國家支付研究經費, 下啟學術界新人研究之門, 責任和權力都非常大, 學生在申請博士生的職位時, 往往不需要經過學校(有也只是一些通則性的要求和行政作業), 只須教授(或研究團隊)同意即可

這種人事制度背後的人才養成觀念固然和"給予博士生獎助金"截然不同, 其訓練方式和"先修課再慢慢找論文方向"也幾乎相反; 讀林語堂的書, 可以看到他描述留德期間"教授的指導就是在聚會中往學生臉上噴煙", 其實指的就是這種在日常生活(當研究工作變成日常生活)中累積知識並培養觀念的訓練.

最後提示2個網站瀏覽重點: 博士生的月薪(和工作時數), 以及目前"歐洲先進國家"重視的研究方向和題目.
(參考值: accroding to 2007年假比利時交換學生之名行歐洲趴趴走的我高中同學, 荷比大部分都市或市郊地區平均物價約為台灣的2倍, 日常生活中貴有貴到5倍的, 便宜有便宜到跟台灣差不多的)