[摘要]
就國家公園資源保育與經營管理的實務而言，雖然保育對象和目標與人類存續息息相關，但與社會大眾的日常生活卻相去甚遠，學者認為瞭解大眾對生態管理政策的看法，有助彌補公眾和專業立場的落差，因此，本研究以國家公園為研究範疇，界定社會大眾對此一資源保育制度的瞭解與期望，為了使研究更為明確，將以兼具「反映社會大眾觀點」與「引導社會大眾觀點」的輿論作為研究文本，包括部落格文章與網路新聞。取樣分為2階段，第1階段為2009年1月5日至7日，隨即進行第1次分析，共建立49個編碼，可建立出3個概念架構；2009年1月24日至26日進行第2次文本取樣分析，新增加編碼1個，但並未新增概念架構，因此初步認定已達理論飽和。
本研究發現具有輿論發聲能力的社會大眾對國家公園均有明確的態度，包括環境倫理、環境挑戰、環境教育、環境體驗等，其中環境教育又因為接觸管道的關係，與環境體驗有著密不可分的關係；無論在哪一個範疇中，現行國家公園體系多難以完全符合社會大眾的期待，例如環境倫理所期待的環境秩序、單一物種研究復育，或是環境體驗所期待的遊憩服務等，相較之下，環境挑戰所期待的良好活動環境和緊急救難系統既明確又單純，容易達成。
這是上學期修質性研究的期末報告
全文請參考http://papayasu.blogspot.com/，共分4篇，謝謝！並祝新春如意行大運^^
Showing posts with label protected area. Show all posts
Showing posts with label protected area. Show all posts
1/31/2009
12/18/2008
瑋佳-進度報告和後續計畫-2
(二)投稿IALE_EU 2009
本學期專討主要在討論台北水源特定區的土地使用法規(land use regulations)和棲地分裂程度(habitat fragmentation, 以PD為指標), 前幾天試圖重新組織案例資料和結果, 重寫了一篇摘要http://cyc204.blogspot.com/2008/12/again-for-final.html, 同樣以改寫成Case study的研究為目的, 不過現在有更具體的想法, 初擬論文架構如下:
1. 理論架構: 淡水保護區中的土地使用管制對物種保育的功效 http://papayasu.blogspot.com/2008/12/case-study-of-legal-mechanism-for.html (尚未改寫完成)
2. 案例分析: 包括基地範圍與背景、土地使用分區、土地使用主管機關與法規、使用現況 (有資料但尚未撰寫或繪圖)
3. 論證過程: 以法規特性(立法年代與意旨)為影響因子, 並以物種多樣性和/或棲地分裂程度為指標 (尚未撰寫, 須考量以物種或以棲地結構為指標, 後者缺乏不同時間點的資料)
4. 理論建立: 本學期專討係單一時間點(2006年)的橫斷面研究, 研究結果簡述如下-- 相對而言, 研究基地內以溫泉法所"管"的範圍棲地分裂程度最為嚴重, 其特性有二: 一為資源主管機關(經濟部)與使用主管機關(交通部)不同; 二為土地使用管制由緊縮變為寬鬆(原屬森林法、水利法和河川管理辦法等法規, 後改屬溫泉法); 重新分析後當可歸納出更嚴謹的結果, 期能建立水源水質水量保護區土地使用與管理的理論.
在IALE_EU 2009發表後, 希望能夠有機會投稿Landscape and Urban Planning.
二、下學期進度 (2009.2.1~2009.7.31)
(一)投稿ISSRM 2009
即之前張貼的新研究構想http://cyc204.blogspot.com/2008/11/new-abstract-new-research.html, 預計作為下學期專討; 在ISSRM 2009發表後, 希望有機會發展成可以投稿Biological Conservation等期刊的文章
(二)修習博士班必選修(5選3)的特論課 <--如果有開課的話
(三)博士論文proposal
12/08/2008
瑋佳-專討摘要again (for final)
A case study of legal mechanism for controlling the land use in Taipei Water Source Domain
Taipei Water Source Domain (TWSD, 台北水源特定區), providing water supply for great Taipei region, is also expected to offer ecological habitats. People argue that the land use which is controlled by redundant legal mechanism (including agencies and regulations) directly affects the land cover types (LCTs) in this area.
This article concerns the fragmentation of ecological habitats and expects to clarify the impact resulted from the legal mechanism. As a typical descriptive case study, we focus on this question: (how) does legal mechanism of land use work? There are two following questions to concentrate our concepts: how do agencies share the responsibility to control the land use and how does the habitat fragmentation reflect the land use regulations.
We establish a theoretical framework to analyze the legal mechanism of land use in the freshwater protected areas. We collect the data through two approaches. The first one is to search the relative legal articles in Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China (全國法規資料庫). More than 20 laws/regulations and hundreds of articles are applied. The second one is to digitalize the aerial photos and select a sample of 50 sites to calculate the metrics of landscape fragment.
Based on our theoretical framework, we answer the research questions with the efficiency of the legal mechanism. First, the legal regulation of land use could work through critical punishment, no matter what the agencies are. Next, the legal mechanism prevents the illegal private development and behavior successfully, but fails to stop the existing development. The final finding is the legal mechanism indistinctly encourages the over-developing of local public sectors.
This article concerns the fragmentation of ecological habitats and expects to clarify the impact resulted from the legal mechanism. As a typical descriptive case study, we focus on this question: (how) does legal mechanism of land use work? There are two following questions to concentrate our concepts: how do agencies share the responsibility to control the land use and how does the habitat fragmentation reflect the land use regulations.
We establish a theoretical framework to analyze the legal mechanism of land use in the freshwater protected areas. We collect the data through two approaches. The first one is to search the relative legal articles in Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China (全國法規資料庫). More than 20 laws/regulations and hundreds of articles are applied. The second one is to digitalize the aerial photos and select a sample of 50 sites to calculate the metrics of landscape fragment.
Based on our theoretical framework, we answer the research questions with the efficiency of the legal mechanism. First, the legal regulation of land use could work through critical punishment, no matter what the agencies are. Next, the legal mechanism prevents the illegal private development and behavior successfully, but fails to stop the existing development. The final finding is the legal mechanism indistinctly encourages the over-developing of local public sectors.
11/30/2008
瑋佳-new abstract, new research
Gaps and bridges: The public and professional perspectives on Taiwan's national parks
In recent years, the research relative to protected areas focus on the interaction between people and environment. Scientists and conservators want to attract people's interest to natural environment and encourage them concern ecological problems. This is the basic reason to develop recreation opportunities in the protected areas. However, the protected areas suffer critical pressure resulted from visitors, especially national parks, whose main functions contain recreation.
As the first step to explore the balance of protection and recreation, this is a research to describe how the publics and professions think about national parks.
This researcher expects to collect the public and professional perspectives. Because the environmental ethics and standards have shaped the common sense, it is hard to avoid the bias of interview. Therefore, the research will collect the blog articles and newspaper reports to represent the public viewpoints. It is expected to search 200 blog articles and 200 newspaper articles in recent five years. On the other hand, the experts and scholars' statements in official judgement and discussion meetings will applied to perform the professional viewpoints. Considering the stable truth in academia, the professional meeting records will be looked back for only 2 years, where there are about 20 meetings.
In recent years, the research relative to protected areas focus on the interaction between people and environment. Scientists and conservators want to attract people's interest to natural environment and encourage them concern ecological problems. This is the basic reason to develop recreation opportunities in the protected areas. However, the protected areas suffer critical pressure resulted from visitors, especially national parks, whose main functions contain recreation.
As the first step to explore the balance of protection and recreation, this is a research to describe how the publics and professions think about national parks.
This researcher expects to collect the public and professional perspectives. Because the environmental ethics and standards have shaped the common sense, it is hard to avoid the bias of interview. Therefore, the research will collect the blog articles and newspaper reports to represent the public viewpoints. It is expected to search 200 blog articles and 200 newspaper articles in recent five years. On the other hand, the experts and scholars' statements in official judgement and discussion meetings will applied to perform the professional viewpoints. Considering the stable truth in academia, the professional meeting records will be looked back for only 2 years, where there are about 20 meetings.
11/05/2008
瑋佳-專討的slide摘錄
p.5 許多研究業已指出LCTs與生態系之間存有相關性, 並有學者據以提出景觀規劃設計與管理的原則, 但這些原則均須透過法規方能落實在真實環境中, 故本研究提出研究問題如圖.
p.12 根據文獻回顧結果可繪製文獻地圖, 先前研究著重於棲地和生態性的關係, 本研究期能連結景觀生態學中所關切的棲地分裂問題與土地使用法規的執行層面.
p.13 本研究架構如圖, 透過第1階段中法規文本的分析萃取出影響土地使用的因子, 在第2階段中檢定其與棲地分裂程度(本研究中以PD表之)的關係 or我該寫"...檢定其對棲地分裂程度的影響"??
p.22 為回答問題1, 以迴歸分析檢定各個法規層面因子, 可能受限於樣點數(n=30), 唯一達顯著的是"有無遊憩觀光相關法規", 另外2個相當接近顯著的因子是"有無溫泉相關法規"和"中央主管機關是否包含經濟部"; 此一結果將棲地分裂源頭指向本區的早期開發(劃設水源特定區前), 土地使用法規不溯既往, 使棲地分裂的情況不但可以延續, 甚至可以擴張.
p.24 為回答問題2, 故將樣點(n=30)區分為不同中央主管機關的4類, 結果發現其間具有顯著差異; 此一結果不具因果意義, 僅代表分區機能越多, 土地使用越複雜, 棲地分裂情況越嚴重, 其影響層面同樣在於與觀光遊憩活動有關的土地使用11/02/2008
都市中的保護區和保護區中的人為改變
在會議中常會遇到自然生態學者和建設開發者爭得面紅耳赤, 自然生態學者希望在城鄉的人居空間中建立自然生態的棲地, 要人類讓出環境來保護野生物的生態環境不要受到干擾, 一旦生態受到干擾最後也會影響人類生存, 但居住區開發者則認為人類的生活空間不能有蚊蟲毒蛇, 環境的規劃設計當然還是以人類的生活方便為第一優先. 二方面都有理由都有合理的論述.
不過如果試著想一下, 假如我們的國土是有計畫的定位我們的環境, 都市是以人類的居住優先, 不但沒有過多人類不愛的害蟲, 也還有讓人類受益的自然生態綠地. 而保護區則是很嚴格的限制人類的開發, 不以任何其它理由改變, 以保護野生物為主, 並時時監測生態棲地品質. 這樣在不同的地區有不同的目標, 提供不同的主角來利用. 不但可以避免沒有結果的爭吵, 在土地及自然生態的管理上能更明確, 更能有力嚴格的禁止不當的開發.
在都市中建保護區, 建野生物的棲地, 是一種蓋植物園、動物園的想法, 必需耗費很多的人力及機具以維持棲地的品質, 在環境教育的目的之外, 這種作法是不環保不永續的, 而在保護區中不以自然的力量來維持棲地, 加入過多的人力干預, 建造成以人類方便使用的方式來改變環境, 或佔用土地不當開發, 對生態棲地一定是很大的衝擊. 如果各種土地使用分區能明確的劃分, 各自負擔不同的使用需求, 是否才是一種較有智慧的環境資源規劃?
不過如果試著想一下, 假如我們的國土是有計畫的定位我們的環境, 都市是以人類的居住優先, 不但沒有過多人類不愛的害蟲, 也還有讓人類受益的自然生態綠地. 而保護區則是很嚴格的限制人類的開發, 不以任何其它理由改變, 以保護野生物為主, 並時時監測生態棲地品質. 這樣在不同的地區有不同的目標, 提供不同的主角來利用. 不但可以避免沒有結果的爭吵, 在土地及自然生態的管理上能更明確, 更能有力嚴格的禁止不當的開發.
在都市中建保護區, 建野生物的棲地, 是一種蓋植物園、動物園的想法, 必需耗費很多的人力及機具以維持棲地的品質, 在環境教育的目的之外, 這種作法是不環保不永續的, 而在保護區中不以自然的力量來維持棲地, 加入過多的人力干預, 建造成以人類方便使用的方式來改變環境, 或佔用土地不當開發, 對生態棲地一定是很大的衝擊. 如果各種土地使用分區能明確的劃分, 各自負擔不同的使用需求, 是否才是一種較有智慧的環境資源規劃?
10/26/2008
瑋佳-專討的methods and data
3. Methods and data
3.1 Methods
This research, which is a mixed research with qualificative and quantitative methods, has two phases. In the first phase, we apply the context analysis to indicate how the regulations were established and how the regulations were carried out. The materials are relative regulations and the interviews with local residents Taipei Water Source Domain.
In the second phase, we select six sites with different regulation systems to examine the landscape ecological analysis. Based on the previous research, we adopt the correlation of landscape structure and bird species as the indicator of the quality of landscape ecological analysis (也就是毛毛說的景觀結構解釋力).
3.1 Methods
This research, which is a mixed research with qualificative and quantitative methods, has two phases. In the first phase, we apply the context analysis to indicate how the regulations were established and how the regulations were carried out. The materials are relative regulations and the interviews with local residents Taipei Water Source Domain.
In the second phase, we select six sites with different regulation systems to examine the landscape ecological analysis. Based on the previous research, we adopt the correlation of landscape structure and bird species as the indicator of the quality of landscape ecological analysis (也就是毛毛說的景觀結構解釋力).
3.2 Data and analysis
3.2.1 text collection and analysis
根據前述文獻回顧與基地基本背景，本研究定義法規文本分析之範圍為與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關之法、細則、辦法、條例、標準(以下簡稱法規)，文本收集的第1個步驟係利用中華民國全國法規資料庫(http://law.moj.gov.tw/)作為主要法規文本查詢平台，首先分別以「水源」及「生態」為關鍵字搜尋相關法條，各獲得近200筆搜尋結果，亦即將近200部法規，分別有若干法條包含「水源」或「生態」一詞，從中篩選取與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關者，包括河川法、森林法、水土保持法等20部法規，將其相關條文存入本研究之法規文本資料庫。
第2個步驟係以前述20部法規為基礎，分別以「土地使用」、「水質水量保護區」、「河川」、「規劃」及「風景特定區」為關鍵字，搜尋與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關之法條，最後共獲得23部法規，收集約140項條文。
第3個步驟係以台北縣都市計畫為基礎收集基地內所實施的都市計畫，基地內雖劃有烏來風景特定區，但並未公告烏來風景特定區計畫，故僅以變更台北水源特定區計畫第二次主要計畫通盤檢討(The second reviewing of the Taipei Water Source Domain Plan)為文本。
3.2.2 landscape ecological analysis
本研究以「新店溪(含南、北勢溪)水與綠生態環境營造先期規劃研究(TWMO, 2007)」之景觀生態調查結果為分析對象，其相關性分析中，自變項為景觀結構指數(包括barabara)，依變項為鳥類物種指數(包括barabara)。
本研究將以簡單迴歸分析驗證法規制定成效與法規執行成效對景觀生態分析的相關性，以及兩個因子的貢獻程度。
3.2.1 text collection and analysis
根據前述文獻回顧與基地基本背景，本研究定義法規文本分析之範圍為與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關之法、細則、辦法、條例、標準(以下簡稱法規)，文本收集的第1個步驟係利用中華民國全國法規資料庫(http://law.moj.gov.tw/)作為主要法規文本查詢平台，首先分別以「水源」及「生態」為關鍵字搜尋相關法條，各獲得近200筆搜尋結果，亦即將近200部法規，分別有若干法條包含「水源」或「生態」一詞，從中篩選取與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關者，包括河川法、森林法、水土保持法等20部法規，將其相關條文存入本研究之法規文本資料庫。
第2個步驟係以前述20部法規為基礎，分別以「土地使用」、「水質水量保護區」、「河川」、「規劃」及「風景特定區」為關鍵字，搜尋與水源水質水量保護區及生態保護區相關之法條，最後共獲得23部法規，收集約140項條文。
第3個步驟係以台北縣都市計畫為基礎收集基地內所實施的都市計畫，基地內雖劃有烏來風景特定區，但並未公告烏來風景特定區計畫，故僅以變更台北水源特定區計畫第二次主要計畫通盤檢討(The second reviewing of the Taipei Water Source Domain Plan)為文本。
3.2.2 landscape ecological analysis
本研究以「新店溪(含南、北勢溪)水與綠生態環境營造先期規劃研究(TWMO, 2007)」之景觀生態調查結果為分析對象，其相關性分析中，自變項為景觀結構指數(包括barabara)，依變項為鳥類物種指數(包括barabara)。
本研究將以簡單迴歸分析驗證法規制定成效與法規執行成效對景觀生態分析的相關性，以及兩個因子的貢獻程度。
瑋佳-專討的introduction
表訂題目是Assessing the landscae ecology in the protecte area
研究動機: 土地使用直接影響景觀結構, 但當保護區的管理工作中同時存在許多機關和法規時, 會造成什麼影響?
研究問題: 土地使用法規影響景觀結構的層面為何? 是否(如何)反映在景觀生態分析上?
Introduction的摘要
永續規劃與管理的原則須轉化成土地使用的法令和規範方能落實, 而土地使用法規的成效須從兩個面向討論, 即法規的制定與法規的執行. 理論上良好的土地使用法規可以使保護區維持良好的景觀結構, 而景觀結構的概念中已包括了景觀元素和其組成所代表的使用行為; 然而在台灣有許多情況是在看似不違法的範圍內超限利用, 在具有多重管理機關和法規的保護區中更是如此, 例如台北水源特定區, 使得環境中隱藏了無法由景觀結構判斷的潛在威脅, 因此, 法規周全與否可能會影響到景觀生態分析的結果, 導致研究成果無法回饋到環境的調查, 監測, 評估, 規劃與管理等實務上.
因此, 本研究提出兩個研究問題, 期能以文本分析評估台北水源特定區現行土地使用法規的周全性後, 再選取法規系統相異的樣點, 分別評估其景觀生態分析的結果, 藉以瞭解其影響.
以下是受限於英文寫作能力的Introduction初稿, 這次的專討讓我開始認真"反省"直接用英文寫的堅持, 從大腦到手到紙(電腦螢幕)再從眼睛到大腦的過程不流暢, 對思考有很大的負面影響, 嚴重delay這次專討的進度......
Freshwater demands and endangered ecosystem promote the protected area established to protect freshwater habitats and resources (Blaine et al., 2006; Saunders et al., 2002). Since research about landscape and ecology is moving from concept to practice (Ashley et al., 2006), there are numbers of principles for sustainable planning and management, suggested by scientists and ecologists, transferred into legal regulations. The efficiency of legal regulations depends upon two dimensions. First, how is the regulations established? It is difficult to ensure the sustainable planning and management could be practiced in protected areas, especially when land use regulations are administrated by different agencies (Conway and Lathrop, 2005). Second, how is the regulations carried out? It is an interesting issue in Taiwan. The illegal usage challenges the regulations in the grey area and leads to the potential impact to ecological functions in landscape. It is very significant in the freshwater protected area, such as of the Taipei Water Source Domain, where there are critical regulations to limit development.
Based on landscape ecology, we discuss the influence of spatial pattern on ecological processes. In the general analysis, the landscape structure means the landscape elements and their composition. It usually represents the using behaviors which might impact the ecological process in landscape. Through the legal mechanism, the land use regulation is one of the most important factors to decide the landscape structure theoretically (Manebe et al., 2007). However, because of the grey usage, there are potential impacts in the protected area. In this research, we address two questions: (What dimension) do legal regulations affect the land use? (How) does it reflect on landscape ecological analysis?
This research focuses on the Taipei Water Source Domain, the water source supplying great Taipei. The scope covers Hsin-Dian, Wulai, Hsu-Din, Pinlin and Shuangsi, mainly five townships of the Taipei County. This extensive area is about 717 square kilometers and accounts for 1/3 of the whole Taipei county administration area. It has been the only legal freshwater protected areas in urban plan system since 1984. The duty agency is Taipei Water Management Office (TWMO), Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs. However, due to the urbanization and tourism, the Taipei Water Source Domain Plan had to permit the existed commercial and residential districts, even an amusement park. Besides, there are also national forest recreational area, flora protected area, schools, farms, and orchards regulated by different agencies and laws. This research focuses the impact of land use regulations on the landscape ecological analysis in the Taipei Water Source Domain.
研究動機: 土地使用直接影響景觀結構, 但當保護區的管理工作中同時存在許多機關和法規時, 會造成什麼影響?
研究問題: 土地使用法規影響景觀結構的層面為何? 是否(如何)反映在景觀生態分析上?
Introduction的摘要
永續規劃與管理的原則須轉化成土地使用的法令和規範方能落實, 而土地使用法規的成效須從兩個面向討論, 即法規的制定與法規的執行. 理論上良好的土地使用法規可以使保護區維持良好的景觀結構, 而景觀結構的概念中已包括了景觀元素和其組成所代表的使用行為; 然而在台灣有許多情況是在看似不違法的範圍內超限利用, 在具有多重管理機關和法規的保護區中更是如此, 例如台北水源特定區, 使得環境中隱藏了無法由景觀結構判斷的潛在威脅, 因此, 法規周全與否可能會影響到景觀生態分析的結果, 導致研究成果無法回饋到環境的調查, 監測, 評估, 規劃與管理等實務上.
因此, 本研究提出兩個研究問題, 期能以文本分析評估台北水源特定區現行土地使用法規的周全性後, 再選取法規系統相異的樣點, 分別評估其景觀生態分析的結果, 藉以瞭解其影響.
以下是受限於英文寫作能力的Introduction初稿, 這次的專討讓我開始認真"反省"直接用英文寫的堅持, 從大腦到手到紙(電腦螢幕)再從眼睛到大腦的過程不流暢, 對思考有很大的負面影響, 嚴重delay這次專討的進度......
Freshwater demands and endangered ecosystem promote the protected area established to protect freshwater habitats and resources (Blaine et al., 2006; Saunders et al., 2002). Since research about landscape and ecology is moving from concept to practice (Ashley et al., 2006), there are numbers of principles for sustainable planning and management, suggested by scientists and ecologists, transferred into legal regulations. The efficiency of legal regulations depends upon two dimensions. First, how is the regulations established? It is difficult to ensure the sustainable planning and management could be practiced in protected areas, especially when land use regulations are administrated by different agencies (Conway and Lathrop, 2005). Second, how is the regulations carried out? It is an interesting issue in Taiwan. The illegal usage challenges the regulations in the grey area and leads to the potential impact to ecological functions in landscape. It is very significant in the freshwater protected area, such as of the Taipei Water Source Domain, where there are critical regulations to limit development.
Based on landscape ecology, we discuss the influence of spatial pattern on ecological processes. In the general analysis, the landscape structure means the landscape elements and their composition. It usually represents the using behaviors which might impact the ecological process in landscape. Through the legal mechanism, the land use regulation is one of the most important factors to decide the landscape structure theoretically (Manebe et al., 2007). However, because of the grey usage, there are potential impacts in the protected area. In this research, we address two questions: (What dimension) do legal regulations affect the land use? (How) does it reflect on landscape ecological analysis?
This research focuses on the Taipei Water Source Domain, the water source supplying great Taipei. The scope covers Hsin-Dian, Wulai, Hsu-Din, Pinlin and Shuangsi, mainly five townships of the Taipei County. This extensive area is about 717 square kilometers and accounts for 1/3 of the whole Taipei county administration area. It has been the only legal freshwater protected areas in urban plan system since 1984. The duty agency is Taipei Water Management Office (TWMO), Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs. However, due to the urbanization and tourism, the Taipei Water Source Domain Plan had to permit the existed commercial and residential districts, even an amusement park. Besides, there are also national forest recreational area, flora protected area, schools, farms, and orchards regulated by different agencies and laws. This research focuses the impact of land use regulations on the landscape ecological analysis in the Taipei Water Source Domain.
10/18/2008
瑋佳-500 words
Abstract of my seminar (207 words in English; according to Google Traslate, this article has 387 chinese characters)
In the protected area, it is necessary to establish a legal mechanism to maintain the environmental quality. In this research, we focus on the following questions: (How) does land use affect bird ecology? Can people control the effect of land use on landscape ecology? What can people do? This research tries to examine the efficiency which regulations practice the sustainable planning and management in Hsin-Dian Stream watershed protected area. The efficiency has two dimensions. First, the regulations protect the advantages and potentials. Second, they improve the disadvantages and limitations. Basically, it is a quantitative research including content analysis and statistical analysis.
The first phase compares the legal and practical ecological situation in Hsin-Dian Stream watershed. We are going to review more than N articles form M laws and plans to establish the current legal framework. It aims to address what the legal framework contributes to control the land use. In the second phase, we will examine of the correlation between the land use zoning, which is following the current legal regulation, and bird species. It indices the ecological efficiency of the current land use controlling. According to these results, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of current legal framework, and provide a suggestion for the future regulation.
The first phase compares the legal and practical ecological situation in Hsin-Dian Stream watershed. We are going to review more than N articles form M laws and plans to establish the current legal framework. It aims to address what the legal framework contributes to control the land use. In the second phase, we will examine of the correlation between the land use zoning, which is following the current legal regulation, and bird species. It indices the ecological efficiency of the current land use controlling. According to these results, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of current legal framework, and provide a suggestion for the future regulation.
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