國科會整合之分工架構_peiyi

這是目前想到的分工架構圖

不知道這樣是否可行、合理呢？？

或是否需要如何修改，

敬請指教～

南庄空照頻譜分析

下面這張圖是那天學科預試完，與老師討論要做看看的東西。
想法是希望看看用頻譜分析的方法來看看，地景的整體特性是否與物種豐富度或歧異度有關。
我抓了南庄航照圖的三個地方(開發程度或自然度不同)，由成果可初步看出在空間頻率的分佈上有明顯的不同(等高線的間距不同)，不過如何來檢定這樣的假設我還在找統計方法。
目前，在理論上我並沒有相關的知識來說明，就請有興趣的人發表一些看法囉!!

不過我倒是想到一些與整體空間頻率有關的指數。
1.塊區的形狀、大小、平均距離...應該會影響空間頻率。
2.破碎程度
3....

所以又想到那天林晏州老師在口試宜婷時說的"要把所有土地使用一起看"的想法，也就是說
如果我們先整體看(用這種整體性的分析)如果有差異，再來看個別指數的差異(或是個別土地使用的差異)...
不過這樣的邏輯我還不是想得很清楚???

ScienceDirect新服務

　　
有關老師前兩天轉寄給大家的ScienceDirect (就是台大總圖網站中的SDOS電子期刊資料庫)新服務:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/

1. 註冊加入會員的步驟還滿簡單的.
2. 新功能"Related Articles"使跨期刊找文章的功能變強了, 有點像使用google scholar, 當然範圍僅限SDOS, 是優點也是缺點.
3. 為了鼓勵使用者多多點閱, 增加了試吃...啊不是, 是免費預覽的功能, 以免使用者顧慮一開啟全文就要收費而不敢點.
4. Alert的功能我沒有用, 猜想跟訂閱誠品電子報的後果是一樣的, paper這種東西還是要用再去找比較好

　　　

國科會初擬架構_from Peiyi

之前跟老師討論後，目前的架構繪製如下：

第一年:H1. 景觀生態結構會影響物種指標。
第二年:H2. 景觀生態結構與物種指標會影響民眾對環境的認知。
第三年:H3. 景觀生態結構、物種指標與民眾對環境的認知會影響民眾的健康狀態。

不知各位有無更好內容建議與繪製的方式？
歡迎大家給予意見囉！

修改成這樣嗎?

好像順很多～

The field of Landscape Architecture

The department of landscape architecture can be find in the names of college or school in the following codes or their cobinations:

Arts, Design, Architecture, Agriculture Science, Urban Design, Planning, Landscape Architecture, Engineering, Environment, Natural Resources, Humanities

These codes pointing our the cross-disciplinary nature of the profession of the landscape architecture and its extent. Therefore, the related field like Park and Recreation (Leisure Studies), Landscape Ecology, Environmental science, Natural Resources Management, Forestry, Geography, Tourism... are all work closely or played as the basis or as the second degree of the graduate level in the field of landscape architecture.

The working field of the landscape architecture includes the Environment Management, Regional Planning, Rural and Urban Landscape Planning and Design, Recreational Planning, Recreational Management, Landscape Ecology, Gardening, and Landscape Research related to the above topics. They can work in the institutes of Landscape Architecture Associations, Academic Institutes, Government Agencies, and NGO.

The related government agencies includes the Construction and Planning Agency, National Parks, Urban / Rural Parks and Greenway, Tourism Bureau, National Scenic Areas, Festival, Public Construction Commission, Council of Agriculture (Leisure Farm, Rural Landscape), Bureau of Forestry, Bureau of Soil and Water Conservation, Environmental Protection Administration, Council of Cultural Affairs, Council of Indigenous Peoples, Ministry of Education ...

Besides the descriptions of the field of landscape architecture. the relationship between landscape architecture and recreation mamagement seems to be a hot topic that we need to discuss. Especially in Taiwan, different from the geology and social needs with foreign countries, the linkage between these two field are strong from profession's development and practice needs. With a small piece of island and small city realms compare to the cities in the United States, the relationship of landscape architecture and architecture and urban planning or urban design seems limited. On they other way, the rural planning and design, natural resource planning, and planning for the recreational areas plays a big part in the practice of landscape architecture. Therefore, when we looking back to our education system and looking the codes of the colleges and school that the dept. of landscape architecture belongs. What will be an accurate development in regards to the situation of Taiwan?

About environment empathy

Environmental empathy, although still need more clear definition, seems already exsiting in somewhere of our environmental cognition. When people say I feel great when I see the trees grow strong and health, doesn't it a like of empathy? Although we do not really know the "happiness" of the trees, but seems the mirror in our mind feels the happiness. Can these feelings extent to a landscape, a region, even to the earth? If it does, how large of our mind mirror can cantain? Furthermore, can we apply this as an professional ethic of the profession of landacpe architecture? What is the professional ethic of a landscape architecture?

Restorative Environment and Landscape Architecture

From the perspecive of landscape architecture, how to design an environment which can achieve the benefits of restorative is an important issue. Especially in the environment like hospital, health care, learning, office... There is a lot of research articles depicted the relationship between natural environment and attention restoration, stress release. These articles even pointing out the attributes of the benefits on psychological indicators like recovery, reflection and physiological indicators like heart rate, blood pressure, and brainwaves. However, from the perspective of landscape architecture, the planners and designers needs to how how to apply the research results into their projects and can produce the restorative effect in their works. therefore, how to depict the "environment" seems to be an critical theme for further studies. We need more studies to work on the environment side. Past researches have told us the nenefits of natural environment in comparisons to the urban or artificial environments. However, this is not good enough for landscape planners and designers to use on their pratical projects. Kaplan and Kaplan (ref.)tries to categories the features of the natural environment of being away, fascination, extent, and compatibility. It does give practice landscape architectures a guideline to follow. Researchers need to give criteria to designers of how to link the landscape elements, their composition, and configurations to these features to unravel the environment variables in the restorative environment.

瑋佳-進度報告和後續計畫-2

(二)投稿IALE_EU 2009

本學期專討主要在討論台北水源特定區的土地使用法規(land use regulations)和棲地分裂程度(habitat fragmentation, 以PD為指標), 前幾天試圖重新組織案例資料和結果, 重寫了一篇摘要http://cyc204.blogspot.com/2008/12/again-for-final.html, 同樣以改寫成Case study的研究為目的, 不過現在有更具體的想法, 初擬論文架構如下:

1. 理論架構: 淡水保護區中的土地使用管制對物種保育的功效 http://papayasu.blogspot.com/2008/12/case-study-of-legal-mechanism-for.html (尚未改寫完成)

2. 案例分析: 包括基地範圍與背景、土地使用分區、土地使用主管機關與法規、使用現況 (有資料但尚未撰寫或繪圖)

3. 論證過程: 以法規特性(立法年代與意旨)為影響因子, 並以物種多樣性和/或棲地分裂程度為指標 (尚未撰寫, 須考量以物種或以棲地結構為指標, 後者缺乏不同時間點的資料)

4. 理論建立: 本學期專討係單一時間點(2006年)的橫斷面研究, 研究結果簡述如下-- 相對而言, 研究基地內以溫泉法所"管"的範圍棲地分裂程度最為嚴重, 其特性有二: 一為資源主管機關(經濟部)與使用主管機關(交通部)不同; 二為土地使用管制由緊縮變為寬鬆(原屬森林法、水利法和河川管理辦法等法規, 後改屬溫泉法); 重新分析後當可歸納出更嚴謹的結果, 期能建立水源水質水量保護區土地使用與管理的理論.

在IALE_EU 2009發表後, 希望能夠有機會投稿Landscape and Urban Planning.

　　

二、下學期進度 (2009.2.1~2009.7.31)

(一)投稿ISSRM 2009

即之前張貼的新研究構想http://cyc204.blogspot.com/2008/11/new-abstract-new-research.html, 預計作為下學期專討; 在ISSRM 2009發表後, 希望有機會發展成可以投稿Biological Conservation等期刊的文章

(二)修習博士班必選修(5選3)的特論課 <--如果有開課的話

(三)博士論文proposal

　　

瑋佳-進度報告和後續計畫-1

　　　
<首次嘗試使用連結以利說明, 請大家點點看再告訴我看不看得懂>
　　　

一、本學期進度( ~2009.1.31)

(一)投稿 J. Therapeutic Horticulture (AHTA)

就是去年受訓時上課不專心的小研究, 經撰寫成文後, 老師提供全文修改意見, 並建議加1個設計案後投稿AHTA的期刊http://www.ahta.org/research/journal.cfm, 因為他們有接受設計案的投稿, 也就是期刊中的Therapeutic Landscape and Garden Design分類(一般學術研究論文應是投Research分類).

預定採case study的撰寫方式, 主要內容包括: a.理論架構的建立; b.案例分析與論證; c.理論對應與設計原則擬定; d.設計成果(造園館1樓)

由於整篇文章已撰就, 僅須增修部分內容, 預計學期結束前可完成; 目前進度如下:

1. Abstract http://papayasu.blogspot.com/2008/12/exploration-and-application-of-natural.html

2. Introduction (包含文獻回顧, 研究目的) http://papayasu.blogspot.com/2008/12/benefit-and-application-of-natural.html

3. The theoretical framework of the benefit of natural views http://papayasu.blogspot.com/2008/12/benefit-and-application-of-natural_17.html

4. Case study: an empirical investigation and analysis (尚未改寫原本的研究方法與研究結果)

5. Design principles (尚未改寫原研究結論)

6. Designing a classroom (尚未完成設計, 預計邀請具建築設計背景者擔任作者之一, 負責教室的再設計)

　　　　

About the "Categories" in the field of Landscape Architecture

Many student ask me questions about the field of Landscape Architecture. Expecially when they are planning to go abroad to pursue their degree in another country. I always has a lot to say but always feel the difficulty of how to express this complexity issue into a more clear framework. Maybe there is no clear framework in my mind yet.
In order to uncover this problem. I try to depict the field of Landscape Architecture from floowing approaches:

Q1. Who can join this field?
Q2. Types of research Insitute of Landscape Architecture
Q3. Future practices with a background from Landscape Architecture

Ans1: Of course, everyone can join this field once you are interesting in the field's work. However, how do I know am I interesting in the field of Landscape Architecture or not. Unfortunately, in order to get the answer of this question you have to know the answers of all the above 3 questions.

However, following are a long list with my knowledge of the "cases" of people from different field (after their Bachelor degree) continuing their degree in the research institute of Landscape Architecture and/or finally work in this field:
Architecture, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Water and Soil Conservation, Tourism, Leisure, Park and Recreation, Geology, Agriculture Extension, Horticulture, Agronomy, Forestry, Botany, Animal Science, Biology, Entomology, Mass Communication, Rural Planning, Applied Arts, Land Economics, Psychology, English and American Landguage and Literature, Ecology, Natural Resources Management, Public Health...

All the above cases cound be a reference for the ones that are interesting to the field of Landscape Architecture but not sure whether his background is ok or not.

Ans2: Basically, before I answer this question, I have to define my answer is appraoch from the aspect of Taiwan with my own experience. On the basis of helping bachelor and /or master students to develop their next step in the field of Landscape Architecture. Different people will have different extent in regard to the definition of field of Landscape Architecture.
The most common research institute is:

Professional Degree:

Master of Landscape Architecture (MLA)
Master of Design
Master of Environmental Design
Doctor of Design
Doctor of environmental Design

Scholarly Degree:

Master of Science
Doctor of Philosophy

Ans3: Planning and design projects can come from different instututes. Private or public owned agencies. Landscape researches, planning, design, management programs are all possible projects.

Landscape architecture associations (private) - planning and design projects
Academic associations - planning, research, and program projects
Academic institutes - planning, research, and program projects
SOHO - design
Government agencies - management, research, program, planning, and design

Construction and Planning Agency
- National Parks
- Urban and Rural Parks and Greenery
Tourism Bureau
- National Scenic Areas
- Festival
Council of Agriculture
- Leisure Farm
- Bureau of Forestry
- National Forest Recreational Areas
- National Forest Trails
- Narional Conservation Areas
Bureau of Water and Soil Conservation
- Rural Planning


I think this paragraph will need more fix and comments. Please give me you ideas.

瑋佳-專討摘要again (for final)

A case study of legal mechanism for controlling the land use in Taipei Water Source Domain

　　

　　

Taipei Water Source Domain (TWSD, 台北水源特定區), providing water supply for great Taipei region, is also expected to offer ecological habitats. People argue that the land use which is controlled by redundant legal mechanism (including agencies and regulations) directly affects the land cover types (LCTs) in this area.
This article concerns the fragmentation of ecological habitats and expects to clarify the impact resulted from the legal mechanism. As a typical descriptive case study, we focus on this question: (how) does legal mechanism of land use work? There are two following questions to concentrate our concepts: how do agencies share the responsibility to control the land use and how does the habitat fragmentation reflect the land use regulations.
We establish a theoretical framework to analyze the legal mechanism of land use in the freshwater protected areas. We collect the data through two approaches. The first one is to search the relative legal articles in Laws and Regulations Database of The Republic of China (全國法規資料庫). More than 20 laws/regulations and hundreds of articles are applied. The second one is to digitalize the aerial photos and select a sample of 50 sites to calculate the metrics of landscape fragment.
Based on our theoretical framework, we answer the research questions with the efficiency of the legal mechanism. First, the legal regulation of land use could work through critical punishment, no matter what the agencies are. Next, the legal mechanism prevents the illegal private development and behavior successfully, but fails to stop the existing development. The final finding is the legal mechanism indistinctly encourages the over-developing of local public sectors.

　　

　　

尺度變化的影響

ICLEE那天發的Landscape and ecological engineering volume3 no.1，第47頁有一篇關於changing scale的文章，內容大概是計算不同粒度的景觀結構指數，並把它們畫成曲線圖，看它們的變化。

曲線圖的X軸是粒度，由30m到300m，Y軸是各項指數。曲線往上的指數有Mean Patch Size和Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distence(Mean)；曲線往下的指數較多，有Aggregation, Cohesion, landscape shape, number of patches和total edge length；當然也有平平的，像是Class Area。

但是各個圖都有一個共通點，在粒度為100*100(與最小粒度面積比例為10)附近的時候，曲線開始不平順，上下劇烈變動，或開始有另一種階梯狀的線條出現。關於這個問題...我還沒看懂，下次再和大家說明，如果有興趣的話請跟有去ICLEE的人借來看看。

因為我發現有點難懂，所以在本篇文章的文獻中找了比較原始的一篇文章：Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern (Monica G. Turner, Robert V. O'Neill, Robert H. Gardner & Bruce T. Milne, 1989)。

文章中主要在觀察不同幅度與粒度下的景觀資料(landscape data)變化，是否會產生一個規則，並且使用Diversity(歧異度)、Dominace(優勢)和Contagion三種指數做分析，希望可以應用在未來測量不同景觀尺度的事件。因為我對粒度(grain)比較有興趣..所以目前只看了粒度的部分。

粒度從1*1個單位放大到50*50個單位，總共有18種粒度。在放大粒度時，例如1*1→2*2，LCTs(Land Cover types)屬性為四格中出現最多者；若四格內的LCTs屬性兩兩相同，則屬性則以隨機方式獲得。

結果為，LCTs類別的數量在七個不同景觀中，隨著粒度的變大而縮減。由6種縮減至3種，意思也就是粒度越大，則會忽略越多東西；以各LCTs類別佔全面積的比例來看，原本面積就佔多數的類別，會跟著粒度的增加而增加，其餘的類別則漸漸消失；如果類別之間的差異不大，變化也會比較緩和(見下圖)。

我在想，是不是在面積比例上有一個臨界值，過了這個臨界值，面積就會和粒度成正相關，反之則成負相關。

在比較三種指數的結果方面，不同的粒度對於Diversity數值有線性的關係，而Dominace和Contagion則無；但是在幅度上，Dominace和Contagion隨著粒度著增加，而Diversity則是呈現不同的反應。

指數的變化，是因為LCTs的數量(m)和面積比例(Pk)隨著幅度與粒度改變。而三種指數有不同的反應，則是因為指數本身的特性不同，對土地使用類型的數量和面積比例的關係也會不同，因此和changing scale才有不同的線性關係。

再回頭看那篇2006年的，景觀結構指數因為和土地使用類型(LCTs)有不同相關方式，所以曲線圖才會有好幾種不同的曲線。

宜君的專討摘要

Previous research has indicated that to induce empathy for the environment leads to the activation of pro-environmental intentions. Environmental art activities are here proposed to serve as media to induce environmental empathy. In this study, environmental art is used to refer to art dealing with ecological and/or environmental issues. During developing process of an environmental art project, a lot of techniques are used to investigate the site. It is hypothesized that this way of learning about a place and presenting responses of it leads to the forming of empathy for the environment. A group of college students who attained an environmental art course were interviewed to examine qualitative aspects of environmental art activities in forming environmental empathy. Interviews were digital-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were content-analyzed, looking for commonalties and distinctions between individual accounts. Participants spoke of experiences of forming affective and cognitive responses toward the environment through activities and the kind of relationships they develop with environment. It is also found that the representational characteristic of environmental art activities facilitates the formation of environmental empathy.