宛俞專討摘要

Ambient Odor’s Effects: Environmental Restoration and Emotional State

Empirical studies have shown a significant influence of odors on humans’ memory, emotional state, and physical well-being. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the orange odor on environmental restoration, mood, alertness and calmness, in the field. Seventy two subjects between the ages of 18 and 42 years (50 females, 22 males) were assigned to two groups. In the experiment group, 40 subjects were stimulated with odor of orange. This condition was compared to a control group, which 32 persons involved a similar outdoor environment without the tested odor. Statistical analyses revealed that the subjects in the presence of orange odor rated the study site as a higher restorative environment compared to control condition. Structured evaluations of 5 restorative qualities indicated that the orange odor stimulated a different experience in novelty, escape, fascination, and compatibility but extent. On the other hand, no effects of the orange odor on mood and calmness were observed in this experiment while there was a significant influence on alertness.

【Keywords】Effects of Odors, Environmental Restoration, Mood, Olfactory

半糖專討測量工具-狀態焦慮量表

研究題目：生態型休閒農場遊憩體驗與效益之研究

情緒測量工具：State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (狀態-特質焦慮量表，STAI)，包含40 個問項、以4分等級尺度評量(Spielberger et al., 1983)，問卷包含狀態焦慮與特質焦慮兩個分量表，各包含20個問項。

state anxiety-狀態焦慮，測量受測者在某一特定時間的感覺，為由特殊情境所引發的短期情緒反應。

trait anxiety-特質焦慮，測量受測者一般性的感覺，是屬於長期性的心理傾向(不符合研究想探討的)。

狀態焦慮量表問項中英對照表

I feel calm 我覺得很平靜	I feel self confident 我覺得有自信
I feel secure 我覺得安全無慮	I feel nervous(-) 我覺得不安(-)
I feel tense(- 我很緊張(-)	I feel jittery(-) 我心神不寧(-)
I feel strained(-) 我覺得緊張不自在(-)	I feel indecisive(-) 我覺得猶豫不決(-)
I feel at ease 我覺得很輕鬆	I am relaxed 我很放鬆
I feel upset(-) 我覺得心情不好(-)	I feel content 我很滿意
I am presently worrying over possible misfortunes(-) 我正擔心可能有不幸的事(-)	I am worried(-) 我很擔心(-)
I feel satisfied 我覺得很滿足	I feel confused(-) 我覺得困擾(-)
I feel frightened(-) 我覺得很害怕(-)	I feel steady 我很沈穩
I feel comfortable 我覺得很舒服	I feel pleasant 我覺得很喜悅

問項後面有括號負號的，是負面的敘述問項，在統計時必須先重新編碼，然後這20問項的總分就是他的狀態焦慮分數，總分愈高代表焦慮狀況愈低、情緒愈正面。在梅峰山地農場收集85份有效樣本，狀態焦慮量表信度分析結果良好，Cronbach’s α =0.951。